A roadmap for quality control of hardening and hardened printed concrete

This article focuses on the specifics in characterizing properties of additively manufactured, cement-based materials their hardening and hardened states. Such characterization is required for material development, structural design, quality control both printable 3D-printed elements. The related challenges are associated with printed material's layered structure, which results higher degrees anisotropy inhomogeneity comparison to conventionally cast concrete. Thus, production test specimens, particularities real-scale 3D-printing process must be considered. Here a distinction made between samples testing prior or parallel actual application those extracted from full-scale Specifics destructive analyzed emphasis mechanical characteristics, while discussion non-destructive mainly addresses geometry deposited layers elements, measuring deformations, finding such defects as voids gaps. Finally, approaches developing/adapting guidelines standards 3D-printed, discussed.